for 'freedom'). The group has undergone several line-up changes over
the years, with Derrick "Duckie" Simpson as the mainstay. They had their
most successful period in the 1980s, with their album
maintained their high quality despite numerous personnel changes in
their 40-plus-year history. The first reggae band to win a Grammy award,
for their 1983 album
was called "The most dynamic and progressive reggae act of the 1970s and early '80s."
The band, whose name comes from the Swahili word
meaning "freedom," was formed in the Waterhouse district of Kingston by
Don Carlos, Rudolph "Garth" Dennis, and
Derrick "Duckie" Simpson. When the group experienced difficulties securing a record contract,
Spencer left to pursue a solo career and
Dennis joined
the Wailing Souls.
Simpson, who remained the thread throughout
Black Uhuru's evolution, reorganized the band with
Errol "Jay" Wilson and quivery-voiced lead vocalist
Michael Rose. Accompanied by the rhythm section of
Sly Dunbar on drums and Robbie Shakespeare on bass,
Black Uhuru created a sound that made them a match for any reggae ensemble. Their debut album,
Love Crisis, released in 1977, included the anthemic hit "I Love King Selassie." Three years later, the album was remixed and released as
Black Sounds of Freedom.
With the addition of harmony singer
Puma Jones,
an African-American woman who held a Master's degree from Columbia
University and was a former member of the female group Mama Africa in
1981,
Black Uhuru entered their most commercially successful period. In addition to recording a memorable studio album,
Red, and an exciting live album,
Tear It Up, the group reached its peak with the release of
Anthem
in 1983. Remixed and revised for release in the United States, the
remade version was re-released in Europe shortly afterwards. Although
the album received a Grammy, internal problems caused the band to
splinter the following year.
Rose was replaced by soundalike
Junior Reid. Jones and
Reid remained with the band until 1989. Although
Reid
left when visa problems prevented him from touring, Jones, who was
replaced by Olufunke, was forced to step down after being diagnosed with
cancer. She died on January 28, 1990, and was buried in her home state
of South Carolina. The original three members --
Simpson,
Spencer, and
Dennis -- reunited to record a trio album,
Now, in 1990. They've continued to tour and perform in this configuration.
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